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Right Issue : Langkah Solutif Kembangkan Cadangan Modal
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Untuk bisa mengembangkan bisnis, diperlukan sejumlah dana agar mampu menopang seluruh biaya dan juga beban-beban operasional perusahaan. Salah satu strategi penambahan modal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menambah lembaran saham yang diperdagangkan pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Istilah tersebut lumrah disebut sebagai right issue atau jika diubah ke padanan Bahasa Indonesia dikenal dengan istilah Hak Memesan Efek Terlebih Dahulu (HMETD).

Penambahan modal ini sangat penting karena mampu mendorong pertumbuhan perusahaan agar semakin produktif lagi dari sebelumnya karena sesungguhnya produktivitas begitu memengaruhi terserapnya pemasukan dan keuntungan karena bertambahnya nilai produksi, sehingga solusi menerbitkan lembar saham baru (right issue) di bursa efek untuk diperjualbelikan merupakan sesuatu yang relevan.

Selain right issue, sesungguhnya masih terdapat strategi lainnya yang bisa diambil oleh perusahaan. Misalnya, peminjaman kredit melalui bank, penerbitan obligasi, atau akuisisi perusahaan. Namun, strategi menambah jumlah peredaran lembar saham dianggap sebagai hal yang paling mampu mendongkrak pertumbuhan dana dengan risiko minim.

Pengertian Right Issue

Right issue atau HMETD merupakan usaha penerbitan saham baru yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan perusahaan, di mana dalam praktik pengembangannya, pemegang saham lama akan memperoleh hak untuk melakukan pembelian atas saham baru pada jumlah tertentu. Usaha tersebut diharapkan mampu memberikan angin segar serta menciptakan perluasan peluang bagi perusahaan supaya tetap bertahan dan bersaing dengan kompetitor produk serupa.

Dasar Hukum Right Issue

Dasar hukum mengenai right issue diatur dalam Keputusan Ketua Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal Nomor Kep-26/PM/2003 tentang Hak Memesan Efek Terlebih Dahulu (HMETD), di mana pada peraturan tersebut dijelaskan apabila pemegang saham lama memiliki hak prioritas utama untuk dilibatkan dalam partisipasi pembelian saham baru. Namun, keputusan ini bergantung pada ketetapan dan kesediaan dari pemegang saham itu sendiri, baik menerima hak prioritas tersebut maupun menolaknya. Jika pemegang saham menolaknya, tentu didasari oleh beberapa hal, antara lain sebagai berikut:

  1. Pemegang saham memang tidak ingin membeli saham baru
  2. Pemegang saham sedang tidak memiliki dana investasi cukup
  3. Pemegang saham tidak mengetahui secara jelas mengenai asal-usul dari perusahaan yang melakukan right issue
  4. Pemegang saham belum memahami sepenuhnya apa itu right issue, mekanisme, serta tujuannya

Hak prioritas tersebut memang bisa digunakan secara bebas oleh pemegang saham lama, tetapi terdapat konsekuensi apabila hak tersebut tidak dijalankan, yakni berupa penurunan persentase saham yang dimiliki (dilusi).

Contoh Perusahaan yang Menjalani Right Issue

Terdapat beberapa perusahaan yang telah berpengalaman menjalani right issue, salah satunya adalah PT Lippo Karawaci Tbk (LPKR). LPKR melakukan mekanisme pendaftaran right issue dengan harga per lembar sahamnya sebesar Rp. 235 dan total keseluruhan saham sebesar Rp. 28.000.000.000 saham. Berdasarkan data yang dikutip pada Bursa Efek Indonesia, disebutkan bahwa tujuan LPKR melaksanakan right issue adalah untuk melunasi sebagian utang milik LPKR dan pembayaran kewajiban LPKR lainnya meliputi beban biaya bunga, penyewaan, hingga pembayaran wajib pajak.

Penutup

Itulah tadi penjelasan mengenai right issue dalam sepak terjang perusahaan untuk menghimpun dana tambahan. Meskipun tersedia berbagai macam penyedia tambahan sumber dana, right issue menjadi salah satu pilihan terbaik bagi perusahaan karena skema perolehan modal tidak berisiko tinggi. Perusahaan justru semakin diuntungkan berkat peningkatan jumlah saham beredar di masyarakat.

Namun, penerbitan saham baru tidak bisa menjamin tumbuhnya pembelian saham di masyarakat karena hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor penyebab lainnya, sehingga perusahaan juga harus mempersiapkan strategi dan aturan lainnya agar kemungkinan tersebut bisa diminimalisir.

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Artikel Lainnya oleh Tim editor emiten.com

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